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Global Issues: Diseases
Diseases
A disease is a particular abnormal condition that
affects part or all of an organism not caused by external force (injury) and
that consists of a disorder of a structure or function, usually serving as an
evolutionary disadvantage. The study of disease is called pathology, which
includes the study of cause. Disease is often construed as a medical condition
associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external
factors such as pathogens or by internal dysfunctions, particularly of the immune
system, such as an immunodeficiency, or by a hypersensitivity, including
allergies and autoimmunity.
affects part or all of an organism not caused by external force (injury) and
that consists of a disorder of a structure or function, usually serving as an
evolutionary disadvantage. The study of disease is called pathology, which
includes the study of cause. Disease is often construed as a medical condition
associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external
factors such as pathogens or by internal dysfunctions, particularly of the immune
system, such as an immunodeficiency, or by a hypersensitivity, including
allergies and autoimmunity.
Education Reduces the
Spread of Communicable Diseases: The spread of disease in developing countries is often
exacerbated by a lack of public knowledge about how it is transmitted. (Read more)
Spread of Communicable Diseases: The spread of disease in developing countries is often
exacerbated by a lack of public knowledge about how it is transmitted. (Read more)
▪ Water-related Diseases
▪ Diarrhoea:
Diarrhoea occurs world-wide and causes 4% of
all deaths and 5% of health loss to disability. It is most commonly caused by
gastrointestinal infections which kill around 2.2 million people globally each
year, mostly children in developing countries. (Read more)
all deaths and 5% of health loss to disability. It is most commonly caused by
gastrointestinal infections which kill around 2.2 million people globally each
year, mostly children in developing countries. (Read more)
▪ Legionella:
Legionellosis (LEE-juh-nuh-low-sis) is a respiratory disease caused by
Legionella bacteria. Sometimes the bacteria cause a serious type of pneumonia
(lung infection) called Legionnaires’ disease. The bacteria can also cause a
less serious infection called Pontiac fever that has symptoms similar to a mild
case of the flu. (Read more)
Legionellosis (LEE-juh-nuh-low-sis) is a respiratory disease caused by
Legionella bacteria. Sometimes the bacteria cause a serious type of pneumonia
(lung infection) called Legionnaires’ disease. The bacteria can also cause a
less serious infection called Pontiac fever that has symptoms similar to a mild
case of the flu. (Read more)
▪ Norovirus
Norovirus causes inflammation of the stomach or intestines or both. This
is called acute gastroenteritis. (Read more)
is called acute gastroenteritis. (Read more)
▪ Cryptosporidium
There are many species of Cryptosporidium that infect animals, some of
which also infect humans. The parasite is protected by an outer shell that
allows it to survive outside the body for long periods of time and makes it
very tolerant to chlorine disinfection. While this parasite can be spread in
several different ways, water (drinking water and recreational water) is the
most common way to spread the parasite. Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of
waterborne disease among humans in the United States. (Read more)
which also infect humans. The parasite is protected by an outer shell that
allows it to survive outside the body for long periods of time and makes it
very tolerant to chlorine disinfection. While this parasite can be spread in
several different ways, water (drinking water and recreational water) is the
most common way to spread the parasite. Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of
waterborne disease among humans in the United States. (Read more)
▪ STDs Over the World
More than 30 differentbacteria, viruses and parasites are known to be transmitted through sexual
contact. Eight of these pathogens are linked to the greatest incidence of
sexually transmitted disease. Of these eight infections, four are currently
curable: syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. The other four are
viral infections and are incurable: hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV or
herpes), HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms or disease due to the
incurable viral infections can be reduced or modified through treatment. (Read more)
▪ Diseases Transmitted by Food
The failure of
food-handlers to wash hands in certain situations (such as after using the
toilet, handling raw meat, cleaning spills, or carrying garbage), wear clean
disposable gloves, or use clean utensils is responsible for the foodborne
transmission of these pathogens. (Read more)
food-handlers to wash hands in certain situations (such as after using the
toilet, handling raw meat, cleaning spills, or carrying garbage), wear clean
disposable gloves, or use clean utensils is responsible for the foodborne
transmission of these pathogens. (Read more)
▪ Mosquito-borne Diseases
Mosquitoes cause morehuman suffering than any other organism — over one million people worldwide
die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. Not only can mosquitoes carry
diseases that afflict humans, they also transmit several diseases and parasites
that dogs and horses are very susceptible to. These include dog heartworm, West
Nile virus (WNV) and Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). (Read more)
▪ Blood-borne Diseases
Blood transfusion hasbeen and continues to be a possible source of disease transmission. A myriad of
agents can potentially be transmitted through blood transfusions, including
bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Of these, bacteria are the most commonly
transmitted. (Read more)